In the world of power electronics, MOSFETs (metal oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors) have become key elements in the development of efficient, compact and high-performance devices, and their correct choice is very important depending on the project to be carried out.
How MOSFETs work
MOSFETs function as switches or amplifiers, controlling the flow of current in a circuit through a signal applied to their gate. Thanks to their high efficiency, switching speed and ability to handle significant voltages and currents, MOSFETs are widely used in applications ranging from power supplies to motor controllers and renewable energy systems.
MOSFET typologies
MOSFETs are classified into different typologies, depending on their design and manufacturing technology. Among the most common technologies are:
- VD Technology (Vertical Diffused)
- Super Junction Technology (SJ)
- Trench MOSFET
- Shielded Gate Trench (SGT)
MOSFET technologies, which one to choose?
The following is a technical analysis of the main MOSFET technologies available in the market, making this article a practical guide for engineers and designers when choosing the right technology for each project. All this is done with reference to Wayon products, an expert manufacturer in MOSFET technologies for almost 30 years.
VD Technology (Vertical Diffused): 250V-1500V
VD technology is characterized by its vertical arrangement of doped layers, making it ideal for handling high voltage and current levels. Its mature, market-proven structure positions it as a popular choice in power applications.
Advantages:
- Low manufacturing cost compared to more advanced technologies.
- Versatility for a wide range of applications.
Disadvantages:
- Higher resistance in Rds(on) conduction, which implies higher power losses compared to other technologies.
Typical applications:
- Switch Mode Power Supplies (SMPS).
- Motor controllers.
- DC-DC converters.
- LED lighting.
Conclusion: VD technology is a mature and reliable solution that combines simplicity and versatility, making it a frequent choice for moderate power applications.
Super Junction Technology (SJ): 500V-1050V
Super Junction technology represents a significant advance in the efficiency of MOSFETs by introducing a multilayer structure with alternating P- and N-type regions. This optimizes the electric field distribution, reducing power losses and improving voltage-blocking capability.
Advantages:
- Significantly low Rds(on) conduction resistance at voltages above 500V.
- Ability to handle strong electric fields, which increases reliability.
Disadvantages:
- High switching losses in high frequency applications.
- Higher manufacturing cost due to the complexity of the process
Typical applications:
- Photovoltaic inverters (PV).
- Electric vehicle (EV) charging stations.
- Industrial power supplies and wind turbines.
Recent innovations: Wayon’s new SJ C4 series improves Rds(on) by 30% over its predecessors and offers optimized recovery time (Trr). Technologies such as Deep Trench and Multi-Epitaxi continue to elevate the efficiency and reliability of this technology.
Conclusion: Super Junction MOSFETs are irreplaceable in high power and high voltage applications where energy efficiency justifies their higher cost (applications where efficiency is more important than switching speed).
Trench MOSFET Technology: 12V-200V
Trench technology uses a trench structure in the gate design, which reduces input capacitance and improves performance at higher frequency switching.
Advantages:
- Excellent current density.
- Good switching characteristics.
- Low manufacturing cost.
Disadvantages:
- Rds(on) higher compared to technologies such as SGT.
- Higher switching losses at higher frequencies.
Typical applications:
- Consumer electronics.
- Industriy
- Automotive.
Conclusion: Trench MOSFETs are ideal for low-cost, moderate-performance applications, especially where switching frequency and current densities are not overly demanding.
SGT Technology (Shielded Gate Trench): 200V-400V
SGT MOSFETs represent an evolution of Trench technology, incorporating a shielded gate design that significantly improves efficiency by providing a lower input capacitance to handle higher switching frequencies.
Advantages:
- Very low Rds(on), which reduces power losses.
- Excellent performance in high switching frequency applications.
- High reliability at elevated temperatures.
Disadvantages:
- Slightly more expensive than conventional Trench MOSFETs.
Typical applications:
- DC-DC converters.
- Compact power supplies.
- Telecommunications, photovoltaic systems and motor control.
Recent innovations: Wayon’s SGT JN (200-250V) series, noted for its improved reliability and ability to operate at higher temperatures, ideal for critical applications.
Conclusion: SGT technology is ideal for low to medium power applications where efficiency and downsizing are essential, offering a balanced solution between performance and cost.
The following table compares and summarizes Wayon’s various MOSFET technologies:
Conclusions
Each MOSFET technology has a unique set of characteristics that make it suitable for specific applications. While VD technology stands out for its simplicity and low cost, Super Junction MOSFETs lead in high power applications. On the other hand, Trench MOSFETs offer a cost-effective solution for general applications, and SGTs excel in efficiency and current density at low to medium powers.
Selecting the right MOSFET not only ensures design success, but also optimizes cost and long-term performance.
Discover all the series and the rest of the technical specifications of Wayon’s MOSFETs:
